Nama latin
Mirabilis jalapa L.
Taksonomi
Kingdom : Plantae
Sub kingdom : Tracheobionta
Seb devision : Spermatophyta
Division : Magnoliophyta
Clas : Magnoliopsida
Subclass : Caryophylidae
Order : Caryophyllales
Family : Nyctaginaceae
Genus : Mirabilis
Spesies : Mirabilis jalapa L.
(Ramesh et al., 2014)
Definisi umum
Indonesia: kembang pukul empat. Sumatra: kempang pagi sore, kembang pukul empat, bunga waktu kecil. Jawa: kederat, segerat, tegerat. Nusatenggara: noja, koderat, bunga ledonosok, loro laka. Sulawesi: pukul ampa, turaga,bodoko sina, bunga teteapa, bunga-bunga paranggi, bunga-bunga parengki. Maluku: kupa, oras, cako, raha.Herba tahunan, tegak, tinggi 20-80 cm, berasal dari Amerika Selatan, banyak ditanam orang sebagai tanaman hias di pekarangan atau sebagai pembatas pagar rumah. Tumbuh di dataran rendah yang cukup mendapat sinar matahari maupun di daerah perbukitan. Termasuk suku kampah-kampahan, berbatang basah, daunnya berbentuk jantung, warna hijau tua, panjang 2-11 cm, lebar 7-8 cm, pangkal daun mambulat, ujung meruncing, tepi daun rata, letak berhadapan, mempunyai tangkai daun yang panjangnya 5-6 cm. Bunganya berbentuk terompet, dengan banyak macam warna antara lain: merah, putih, jingga, kuning, kombinasi/belang-belang. Mekar di waktu sore hari dan kuncup kembali pada pagi hari menjelang fajar. Buahnya keras warna hitam berbentuk telur dapat dibuat bedak. Kulit umbinya bewarna coklat kehitaman berbentuk bulat memanjang, panjang 7-9 cm dengan diameter 2-5 cm, isi umbi bewarna putih.
Kandungan
Akar mengandung betaxanthins. Buah mengandung zat tepung, lemak (4,3%), zat asam lemak (24,4%), zat asam minyak (46,9%).
Khasiat
Selain sebagai tanaman hias, tanaman pukul empat memiliki manfaat sebagai antioksidan dan aktivitas sitotoksisitas (Rumzhum et al., 2008), antiartritis, (Augustine et al., 2013), antispasmodik (Aoki et al., 2008), antinociceptive (Walker et al., 2008), anti inflamasi (Singh et al., 2010), efek hipoglikemia dan 9 hipolipidemik (Zhou et al., 2011), antibakteri (Devi, 2010). Aktivitas farmakologi pada berbagai ekstrak yang dilaporkan oleh Shaik et al. (2012), menunjukkan aktivitas antidiabetes, antioksidan, antimikroba, antifungal, antiviral, dan penyakit urinan.
Cara pengolahan
a. Acute arthritis: akar segar direbus lalu diminum, bila badan panas ditambah tahu.
b. Bunga putih sebanyak 120 gram, direbus lalu minum.
c. Bisul:
1) Pada bisulnya dioleskan sedikit minyak kemiri. Daun kembang pukul empat dilayukan diatas api, kemudian dioleskan sedikit minyak kelapa, tengahnya dilubang dan letakkan diatas bisul.
2) 10 lembar kembang pukul empat dicuci kemudian dilumatkan ditambah air garam secukupnya, ditempelkan pada bisul dan sekelilingnya lalu dibalut.
3) Akar segar dibuang kulitnya kemudian dilumatkan dan ditambah gula enau. Tempelkan pada bisulnya, sehari diganti 2 kali.
d. Jerawat:
Buahnya mengandung zat tepung, dibuat tepung bedak, tepung bedak ditambah air kemudian dioleskan.
Daftar Pustaka
Anggara MA. 2013. Aktivitas MAP (Mirabilis Antiviral protein) sebagai Pengendalian Penyakit Gemini Virus pada Tanaman Cabai. Institut Pertanian Bogor. Bogor. [Skripsi]. Ariantari N P, Ikawati Z, Sudjadi, Sismindari. 2010. Efek sitotoksik protein dari daun Mirabilis jalapa L. hasil pemurnian dengan kolom CM Sepharose CL6B terhadap kultur sel HeLa. Jurnal farmasi dan ilmu kesehatan. 1(1): 1-7. Asniwita, SH hidayat, G Suastika, S Sujiprihatin, S Susanto dan I Hayati. 2012. Eksplorasi isolat lemah Chili veinal mottle potyvirus pada pertanaman cabai di Jambi, Sumatera barat dan Jawa Barat. J.Hortikultura. 22(2): 181-186. Ayuni FFL dan Mulyanti D. 2015. Uji aktivitas antibakteri tepung biji bunga pukul empat (Mirabilis jalapa L.) terhadap bakteri Propionibacterium acnes dan formulasinya dalam sediaan krim. Prosding Penelitian SPeSIA Unisba. 154-158 Badan Pusat Statistik. 2018. Produksi sayuran di Indonesia. Jakarta (ID): Badan Pusat Statistik. http://www.bps.go.id/tab_sub/view.php. Diunduh 26 Desember 2018.
Four O’Clock Flower
Latin Name
Mirabilis jalapa L.
Taxonomy
Kingdom: Plantae
Subkingdom: Tracheobionta
Sebdivision: Spermatophyta
Division: Magnoliophyta
Class: Magnoliopsida
Subclass: Caryophylidae
Order: Caryophyllales
Family: Nyctaginaceae
Genus: Mirabilis
Species: Mirabilis jalapa L.
(Ramesh et al., 2014)
General Definition
Indonesia: four o’clock flower. Sumatra: morning and evening flower, four o’clock flower, small flower. Java: kederat, jauht, tegerat. Nusa Tenggara: noja, koderat, ledonosok flower, loro laka. Sulawesi: pukul ampa, turaga, bodoko sina, teteapa flower, paranggi flower, parengki flower. Maluku: kupa, oras, cako, raha. An erect, annual herb, 20-80 cm tall, native to South America, often planted as an ornamental plant in yards or as a fence border. It grows in lowlands with sufficient sunlight, as well as in hilly areas. It belongs to the kampah-kampahan family and has a moist stem. Its leaves are heart-shaped, dark green, 2-11 cm long and 7-8 cm wide. The leaf base is rounded, the tip is pointed, the leaf margins are even, opposite, and the petioles are 5-6 cm long. The flowers are trumpet-shaped and come in a variety of colors, including red, white, orange, yellow, and mixed/striped. They bloom in the afternoon and rebud in the morning before dawn. The fruit is hard, black, egg-shaped, and can be used as a powder. The tuber skin is blackish-brown and elongated, 7-9 cm long and 2-5 cm in diameter, with a white core.
Contents
The roots contain betaxanthins. The fruit contains starch, fat (4.3%), fatty acids (24.4%), and oil acids (46.9%).
Benefits
Besides being an ornamental plant, the four o’clock plant has antioxidant and cytotoxic properties (Rumzhum et al., 2008), antiarthritis (Augustine et al., 2013), antispasmodic (Aoki et al., 2008), antinociceptive (Walker et al., 2008), anti-inflammatory (Singh et al., 2010), hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effects (Zhou et al., 2011), and antibacterial (Devi, 2010). The pharmacological activities of various extracts reported by Shaik et al. (2012) indicate antidiabetic, antioxidant, antimicrobial, antifungal, antiviral, and urinary tract infections activities.
Processing Method
a. Acute arthritis: Boil the fresh roots and drink. If you have a fever, add tofu.
b. Boil 120 grams of white flowers and drink.
c. Boil boils:
1) Rub a little candlenut oil on the boil. Wilt the four o’clock flower leaves over a fire, then apply a little coconut oil, make a hole in the center, and place it on the boil.
2) Wash 10 four o’clock flower leaves, crush them, add enough salt water, and apply to the boil and the surrounding area, then bandage.
3) Peel the fresh roots, crush them, and add palm sugar. Apply to the boil, changing the dressing twice a day.
d. Acne:
The fruit contains starch, which can be made into a powder, the powder mixed with water, and then applied.
Bibliography
Anggara MA. 2013. Activity of MAP (Mirabilis Antiviral Protein) as a Control Agent for Gemini Virus Disease in Chili Plants. Bogor Agricultural University. Bogor. [Thesis]. Ariantari N P, Ikawati Z, Sudjadi, Sismindari. 2010. Cytotoxic effect of protein from Mirabilis jalapa L. leaves purified by CM Sepharose CL6B column on HeLa cell culture. Journal of pharmacy and health sciences. 1(1): 1-7. Asniwita, SH hidayat, G Suastika, S Sujiprihatin, S Susanto and I Hayati. 2012. Exploration of weak isolates of Chili veinal mottle potyvirus on chili plantations in Jambi, West Sumatra and West Java. J.Hortikultura. 22(2): 181-186. Ayuni FFL and Mulyanti D. 2015. Antibacterial activity test of four o’clock flower seed flour (Mirabilis jalapa L.) against Propionibacterium acnes bacteria and its formulation in cream preparation. Prosding of SPeSIA Unisba Research. 154-158 Central Statistics Agency. 2018. Vegetable production in Indonesia. Jakarta (ID): Central Statistics Agency. http://www.bps.go.id/tab_sub/view.php. Downloaded December 26, 2018