Nama Tumbuhan
Jambu Biji (Psidium guajava L.)
Taksonomi Tumbuhan
Kingdom : Plantae
Divisi : Magnoliophyta
Kelas : Magnoliopsida
Ordo : Myrtales
Famili : Myrtaceae
Genus : Psidium
Spesies : Psidium guajava L.
(Rahma et al., 2023).
Definisi Umum
Psidium guajava L. merupakan tanaman perdu atau pohon kecil berkayu dengan tinggi 2–10 m, bercabang rapat, serta memiliki kulit batang licin yang mudah terkelupas. Daun jambu biji merupakan daun tunggal yang mengeluarkan aroma khas ketika diremas. Susunannya berhadapan secara bersilangan, dengan tipe pertulangan menyirip. Bentuk daun yang paling umum dijumpai adalah lonjong (Wahyuni et al., 2022). Buahnya termasuk tipe buni, berdaging lunak, berkulit tipis, dan memiliki permukaan yang bervariasi dari halus hingga sedikit kasar sesuai varietasnya. Jambu biji umumnya tumbuh di wilayah beriklim tropis dengan kisaran suhu antara 15ºC hingga 45ºC, namun suhu ideal untuk pertumbuhan optimal berada di rentang 23ºC hingga 28ºC (Prabowo et al., 2024). Psidium guajava L. menyukai tanah liat berpasir, paparan sinar matahari penuh, serta cukup toleran terhadap musim kemarau singkat.
Kandungan
Daun jambu biji (Psidium guajava L.) memiliki kandungan metabolit sekunder yang meliputi flavonoid, tanin, monoterpenoid polifenol, seskuiterpen, alkaloid, kuinon, dan saponin, serta mengandung vitamin B1, B2, B3, B6, dan vitamin C (Sari et al., 2022).
Khasiat
Tanaman daun jambu biji (Psidium guajava L.) diketahui memiliki berbagai manfaat farmakologis. Secara tradisional, bagian daun dari tanaman ini digunakan sebagai terapi alternatif untuk mengatasi diare, sariawan, luka, gangguan menstruasi, gastritis (maag), batuk, influenza, demam berdarah, serta berperan dalam menurunkan kadar kolesterol dalam darah (Abdulkadir et al., 2024).
Cara Pengolahan
Proses pengolahan daun jambu biji tergolong sederhana, yaitu dengan mengambil beberapa lembar daun, kemudian ditumbuk dan ditambahkan air matang secukupnya. Setelah itu, campuran tersebut disaring untuk memperoleh sari atau ekstraknya. Untuk pengobatan yang dilakukan secara rutin, ramuan ini dapat dikonsumsi sebanyak tiga kali dalam sehari (Rahayu et al., 2021).
Daftar Pustaka
Abdulkadir, W. S., Djuwarno, E. N., & Damiti, S. A. (2024). Uji Efektivitas Ekstrak Daun Jambu Biji (Psidium guajava) dalam Menurunkan Kadar Gula Darah Mencit (Mus musculus). Journal Syifa Sciences And Clinical Research, 6(1). https://doi.org/10.37311/jsscr.v6i1.21376
Prabowo, R. U., Fitriani, R., Nurlailin, N., Haq, M. S., Fahmi, D. N., Andini, F., … & RA, B. G. (2024). Akselerasi Produksi Jambu Biji (Psidium Guajava L.) guna Menyongsong Keunggulan Kompetitif Komoditas Hortikultura di Kalimantan Tengah. CERMIN: Jurnal Penelitian, 8(1), 1-12. https://doi.org/10.36841/cermin_unars.v8i1.2886
Rahma, A. M., Zahra, A., & Supriatna, A. (2023). Inventarisasi Tumbuhan Famili Myrtaceae Di Kampung Andir, Rt. 01/Rw. 08, Desa Rancamulya, Sumedang. Jurnal Riset Rumpun Ilmu Tanaman, 2(1), 53-64. https://doi.org/10.55606/jurrit.v2i1.1436
Sari, F., Yustinah, Y., Fithriyah, N. H., & Susanty, S. (2022). Pengaruh Waktu Ekstraksi terhadap Kadar Flavonoid Ekstrak Daun Jambu Biji Merah (Psidium guajava L) dengan metode Ekstraksi Ultrasonik. Prosiding Semnastek. https://jurnal.umj.ac.id/index.php/semnastek/article/view/14678/7779
Wahyuni, S., Afidah, M. A., & Suryanti, S. (2022). Studi Morfologi Organ Vegetatif dan Generatif Varietas Jambu Biji (Psidium guajava L.). Bio-Lectura: Jurnal Pendidikan Biologi, 9(1), 103-113. https://doi.org/10.31849/bl.v9i1.9824
Rahayu. A., Pramushinta, I. A. K., & Sari, D. P. (2021). Pembuatan Ramuan Tradisional Untuk Mengatasi Diare Pada Anak: Pembuatan Ramuan Tradisional Untuk Mengatasi Diare Pada Anak. Jurnal Abadimas Adi Buana, 5(01), 1-4. https://doi.org/10.36456/abadimas.v5.i01.a2703
Guava (Psidium guajava L.)
Plant Name
Guava (Psidium guajava L.)
Plant Taxonomy
Kingdom: Plantae
Division: Magnoliophyta
Class: Magnoliopsida
Order: Myrtales
Family: Myrtaceae
Genus: Psidium
Species: Psidium guajava L.
(Rahma et al., 2023).
General Definition
Psidium guajava L. is a shrub or small woody tree that grows 2–10 meters tall, has dense branches, and smooth bark that peels off easily. Guava leaves are simple leaves that release a distinctive aroma when crushed. They are arranged oppositely in a cross pattern, with a pinnate venation type. The most common shape of the leaves is oval (Wahyuni et al., 2022). The fruit is classified as a berry, soft-fleshed, thin-skinned, and has a surface that ranges from smooth to slightly rough depending on the variety. Guava generally grows in tropical regions with temperatures ranging from 15ºC to 45ºC, but the ideal temperature for optimal growth is between 23ºC and 28ºC (Prabowo et al., 2024). Psidium guajava L. prefers sandy clay soil, full sunlight exposure, and is quite tolerant of short drought periods.
Content
Guava leaves (Psidium guajava L.) contain secondary metabolites including flavonoids, tannins, polyphenol monoterpenoids, sesquiterpenes, alkaloids, quinones, and saponins, as well as vitamins B1, B2, B3, B6, and vitamin C (Sari et al., 2022).
Benefits
Guava leaves (Psidium guajava L.) are known to have various pharmacological benefits. Traditionally, the leaves of this plant are used as an alternative therapy to treat diarrhea, mouth sores, wounds, menstrual disorders, gastritis (stomach ulcers), coughs, flu, dengue fever, and also play a role in lowering cholesterol levels in the blood (Abdulkadir et al., 2024).
How to Process
The process of processing guava leaves is quite simple, which involves taking a few leaves, then pounding them and adding enough boiled water. After that, the mixture is filtered to obtain the juice or extract. For long-term treatment, this remedy can be consumed three times a day (Rahayu et al., 2021).
References
Abdulkadir, W. S., Djuwarno, E. N., & Damiti, S. A. (2024). Effectiveness Test of Guava Leaf Extract (Psidium guajava) in Reducing Blood Sugar Levels in Mice (Mus musculus). Journal Syifa Sciences And Clinical Research, 6(1). https://doi.org/10.37311/jsscr.v6i1.21376
Prabowo, R. U., Fitriani, R., Nurlailin, N., Haq, M. S., Fahmi, D. N., Andini, F., … & RA, B. G. (2024). Acceleration of Guava (Psidium guajava L.) Production to Achieve Competitive Advantage in Horticultural Commodities in Central Kalimantan. CERMIN: Journal of Research, 8(1), 1-12. https://doi.org/10.36841/cermin_unars.v8i1.2886
Rahma, A. M., Zahra, A., & Supriatna, A. (2023). Inventory of Myrtaceae Family Plants in Andir Village, Rt. 01/Rw. 08, Rancamulya Village, Sumedang. Journal of Plant Science Research Cluster, 2(1), 53-64. https://doi.org/10.55606/jurrit.v2i1.1436
Sari, F., Yustinah, Y., Fithriyah, N. H., & Susanty, S. (2022). The Effect of Extraction Time on the Flavonoid Content of Red Guava Leaf Extract (Psidium guajava L) Using Ultrasonic Extraction Method. Prosiding Semnastek. https://jurnal.umj.ac.id/index.php/semnastek/article/view/14678/7779
Wahyuni, S., Afidah, M. A., & Suryanti, S. (2022). Morphological Study of Vegetative and Generative Organs of Guava Varieties (Psidium guajava L.). Bio-Lectura: Jurnal Pendidikan Biologi, 9(1), 103-113. https://doi.org/10.31849/bl.v9i1.9824
Rahayu, A., Pramushinta, I. A. K., & Sari, D. P. (2021). Making Traditional Remedies to Treat Diarrhea in Children. Jurnal Abadimas Adi Buana, 5(01), 1-4. https://doi.org/10.36456/abadimas.v5.i01.a2703