Nama Ilmiah
Bawang Dayak (Eleutherine bulbosa )
Taksonomi Tumbuhan
Kingdom : Plantae
Divisi : Tracheophyta
Kelas : Magnoliopsida
Ordo : Asparagales
Famili : Iridaceae
Genus : Eleutherine
Spesies : Eleutherine bulbosa (Mill.) Urb.
(Eggers et al., 2010; Judd et al., 2008).
Definisi Umum
Bawang dayak merupakan tanaman yang sudah terbukti secara empiris dalam megobati berbagai penyakit. Bagian tanaman bawang dayak yang digunakan dalam pengobatan yaitu pada umbinya. Bawang dayak merupakan tanaman khas Kalimantan yang berasal dari Amerika Tropis. Bawang dayak memiliki morfologi seperti daun tunggal berbentuk pita dan berwarna hijau, memiliki ujung dan pangkal daun runcing dengan tepi daun rata, bunga majemuk dalam tandan terletak diujung (terminalis) dan monochlasial, biseksual dan aktinomorf, memiliki akar serabut berwarna coklat muda (Sirhi et al., 2018).
Kandungan
Bawang dayak mengandung berbagai senyawa bioaktif yang dapat digunakan dalam pengobatan diantaranya triterpenoid naftokuinon dan senyawa turunannya seperti elacanicin, eleutherol, isoeleutherol, eleutherin, dan isoeleutherin (Sirhi et al., 2018). Umbi bawang dayak juga mengandung kandungan metabolit sekunder seperti alkaloid, glikosida, flavonoid, fenolik, kuinon, steroid, tanin, dan minyak atsiri (Puspadewi et al., 2013).
Khasiat
Bawang dayak memiliki khasiat yang sudah terbuktibaik secara empiris maupun ilmiah, secara empiris bawang dayak berkhasiat mengobati luka, sakit kuning, batuk, sakit perut, disentri, kanker payudara, radang poros usis, obat bisul dan perangsang muntah, secara ilmiah khasiat bawang dayak melalui studi pre klinik memiliki potensi sebagai anti kanker (Muti’ah et al., 2020).
Cara Pengolahan
Pengolahan bawang dayak sebagai obat secara tradisional dapat dilakukan dengan cara perebusan umbi dari bawang dayak yang dapat digunakan sebagai obat kanker, kolesterol, dna jantung (Alang, 2025). Cara pengolahan lain untuk umbi bawang dayak yaitu dapat melalui proses sehingga menghasilkan produk berupa simplisia, bubuk atau tepung, maupum bawang dayak instan (Aslamiah, 2016).
Daftar Pustaka
Alang, H. (2025). Inventarisasi tumbuhan obat tradisional sebagai upaya swamedikasi oleh Suku Dayak di Mandor. Jurnal Esabi (Jurnal Edukasi dan Sains Biologi), 7(1), 35-46. https://doi.org/10.37301/esabi.v7i1.73.
Aslamiah, S. (2016). Ujicoba Hidriponik Tanaman Kencur dan Bawang Dayak: The Trial of Hydroponic on Kencur and Dayak’s Onion. Daun: Jurnal Ilmiah Pertanian dan Kehutanan, 3(1), 46-53. https://doi.org/10.33084/daun.v3i1.166
Muti’ah, R., Listiyana, A., Nafisa, B. B., & Suryadinata, A. (2020). Kajian efek ekstrak umbi bawang dayak (Eleutherine palmifolia (L.) Merr) sebagai antikanker. Journal of Islamic Pharmacy, 5(2), 14-25. https://doi.org/10.18860/jip.v5i2.9778
Puspadewi, R., Adirestuti, P., & Menawati, R. (2013). Khasiat umbi bawang dayak (Eleutherine palmifolia (L.) Merr.) sebagai herbal antimikroba kulit. Kartika: Jurnal Ilmiah Farmasi, 1(1), 31-37. https://doi.org/10.26874/kjif.v1i1.21
Puspadewi, R., Adirestuti, P., & Menawati, R. (2013). Khasiat Umbi Bawang Dayak (Eleutherine palmifolia (L.) Merr.) sebagai Herbal Antimikroba Kulit. Jurnal Ilmiah Farmasi, 1(1), 31-37. https://doi.org/10.26874/kjif.v1i1.21
Sirhi, S., Astuti, S., & Esti, F. R. (2018). Iptek bagi budidaya dan ekstrak bawang dayak sebagai obat alternatif. JAPI (Jurnal Akses Pengabdian Indonesia), 2(2), 1-7. https://doi.org/10.33366/japi.v2i2.804
Bawang Dayak (Eleutherine bulbosa)
Scientific Name
Dayak Onion (Eleutherine bulbosa)
Plant Taxonomy
Kingdom: Plantae
Division: Tracheophyta
Class: Magnoliopsida
Order: Asparagales
Family: Iridaceae
Genus: Eleutherine
Species: Eleutherine bulbosa (Mill.) Urb.
(Eggers et al., 2010; Judd et al., 2008).
General Definition
Dayak onion is a plant that has been empirically proven to treat various diseases. The part of the Dayak onion plant used in medicine is its bulb. Dayak onion is a plant native to Kalimantan that originated in the Tropical Americas. Dayak onion has a morphology characterized by single, ribbon-shaped green leaves with pointed tips and bases and smooth leaf margins; its compound flowers are arranged in terminal, monochasial inflorescences; they are bisexual and actinomorphic; and it has light brown fibrous roots (Sirhi et al., 2018).
Composition
Dayak onion contains various bioactive compounds that can be used in medicine, including triterpenoid naphthoquinones and their derivatives such as elacanicin, eleutherol, isoeleutherol, eleutherin, and isoeleutherin (Sirhi et al., 2018). Dayak onion bulbs also contain secondary metabolites such as alkaloids, glycosides, flavonoids, phenolics, quinones, steroids, tannins, and essential oils (Puspadewi et al., 2013).
Benefits
Dayak onion has benefits that have been proven both empirically and scientifically. Empirically, Dayak onion is effective in treating wounds, jaundice, coughs, stomachaches, dysentery, breast cancer, appendicitis, treating boils, and inducing vomiting. Scientifically, preclinical studies have shown that Dayak onion has potential as an anticancer agent (Muti’ah et al., 2020).
Preparation Methods
Traditionally, Dayak onions are processed into medicine by boiling the bulbs, which can be used to treat cancer, high cholesterol, and heart conditions (Alang, 2025). Another method of processing Dayak onion bulbs involves a process that produces products such as crude drug, powder, or flour, as well as instant Dayak onion (Aslamiah, 2016).
References
Alang, H. (2025). Inventory of traditional medicinal plants as a form of self-medication among the Dayak people in Mandor. Jurnal Esabi (Journal of Education and Biological Sciences), 7(1), 35-46. https://doi.org/10.37301/esabi.v7i1.73.
Aslamiah, S. (2016). The Trial of Hydroponic Cultivation of Kencur and Dayak Onion. Daun: Journal of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, 3(1), 46-53. https://doi.org/10.33084/daun.v3i1.166
Muti’ah, R., Listiyana, A., Nafisa, B. B., & Suryadinata, A. (2020). Study on the anticancer effects of Dayak onion (Eleutherine palmifolia (L.) Merr) bulb extract. Journal of Islamic Pharmacy, 5(2), 14-25. https://doi.org/10.18860/jip.v5i2.9778
Puspadewi, R., Adirestuti, P., & Menawati, R. (2013). The efficacy of Dayak onion tuber (Eleutherine palmifolia (L.) Merr.) as a topical antimicrobial herbal remedy. Kartika: Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 1(1), 31-37. https://doi.org/10.26874/kjif.v1i1.21
Puspadewi, R., Adirestuti, P., & Menawati, R. (2013). The Efficacy of Dayak Onion Bulbs (Eleutherine palmifolia (L.) Merr.) as a Skin Antimicrobial Herb. Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 1(1), 31-37. https://doi.org/10.26874/kjif.v1i1.21
Sirhi, S., Astuti, S., & Esti, F. R. (2018). Science and technology for the cultivation and extraction of Dayak onion as an alternative medicine. JAPI (Journal of Community Service Access Indonesia), 2(2), 1-7. https://doi.org/10.33366/japi.v2i2.804